A Study of Theology IV – Part 7

1. Definition of the gift.It is a spiritual gift enabling the person to speak in a language unknown to the people present locally.This is proven by the consistent use of the word glossa (languages) in all the references (Acts 2:4; 10:46; 19:6; 1 Cor. 12:10; 14:21).Also, the word dialektos (dialect) is used in Acts 2:6,8 referring to languages.Though the administration of this gift is expressed differently in some passages, it is always real languages, capable of interpretation, and is never gibberish.
2. Method of receiving the gift.Like all other spiritual gifts, it was distributed by the Holy Spirit “as He will” (1 Cor. 12:7), only to certain individuals.Thus, the baptism of the Holy Spirit had nothing whatsoever to do with it, since all believers were baptized by the Holy Spirit at the time of salvation.
3. Extent of the gift.As indicated from 1 Cor. 12:7, it was given only to certain people. 1 Cor. 12:30 again makes it clear that not all Christians spoke in tongues.This is in direct opposition to present-day insistence by Pentecostals that all believers must have the experience of speaking in tongues, or they are not spiritual.Some even go so far as to say that you cannot be saved unless there is evidence of speaking in tongues.
4. Purpose of the gift. 1 Cor. 14:21-22 states clearly that this gift was a “sign” for unbelievers, not for believers. a. In Acts 2 it was a “sign” to convince unbelieving Jews that the message of the apostles was authentic.As a result, 3000 were saved.b. In Acts 10:46 it was a “sign” given to convince Jews that Gentiles could be saved.c. In Acts 19:1-6 it was a “sign” to show 12 Jewish disciples of John the Baptist that there was a distinction between being baptized with John’s baptism of repentance, and being born again. d. In 1 Cor. 14:21-25 it was a “sign” to show any unbelievers who came into their worship service that God was with them, and that they had the true message of the gospel.
5. Was the gift of tongues ever intended for private devotional use? a. No instance of speaking in tongues is ever described as private, or for use as a prayer language.In Acts 2,10,19 and 1Cor 12,14 there is always a public purpose, “in the church.”b. A personal use of “tongues” would have been contrary to the purpose for all of the spiritual gifts, which was to minister to others.No gift was given for self-serving purposes.Thus, to exercise any spiritual gift without love is useless, 1 Cor. 13:1c. Private use of this gift would have excluded many Christians, since there never was a time when all Christians had the gift of tongues; 1 Cor. 12:30.It would have precluded those who did not have this gift from a source of personal devotional blessing. d. The gift of tongues is stated directly as being for the conviction of unbelievers, notfor self-edification of believers. 1 Cor. 14:22. e. What then, does 1 Cor. 14:3-4 mean when it says, “He that speaks in a tongue edifies himself.”?

1).It would be a negative self-edification, as in 1 Cor. 8:10, “...the conscience of him who is weak be emboldened (edified; from oikodomeo, the same word as is used in 1 Cor. 14:3-4) to eat those things which are offered to idols.”Thus, the tongues speaker edified (emboldened) himself in the sense that he had an improperattitude aboutbeing able to speak in tongues, even though it was not interpreted.

2).This would result in unfruitful praying for the tongues speaker.

3).This would also be saying that you need a gift to edify yourself, when this can be done without yourhaving a gift.You can be edifiedby a person who has the gift of teaching, for example.

   f. The gift of tongues was notfor prayer to God.

1). 1 Cor. 14:2 does not refer to prayer; it merely states that when a person spoke in tongues no one understood, so the only one left who didunderstand was God.

2). 1 Cor. 14:9 says that in such cases the person was “speaking into the air” which is certainly notprayer!

3). 1Cor 14:28.This verse is not a description of how to use tongues, or even a definition of the gift.It has a negative thrust: “If no one can understand,just keep quiet (which means, do not use the gift of tongues at all) but merely speak to yourself and God.”

  g. The only proper way ofworship to God is “in spirit and in truth” John 4:24.This agrees with 1 Cor. 14:15-17.Only in this way can you be edified or have fellowship with someone else in prayer.“Tongues” is notfor private or public prayer!

6. Cessation of the gift of Speaking in Tongues.

a. The biblical reason for its purpose no longer exists.

1).It was one of the “sign” gifts (1 Cor. 14:22) which were given to authenticatethe message of the Apostles (Acts 14:1-3).If God’s plan included a constant repetition of the miraculous, it would have lost its unique “sign” value.

2).It was given to convictunbelievers of the truth of their message, 1 Cor. 14:21-25.This is no longerneeded since the message of the New Testamentis now complete.A “sign” without a message isuseless, as Paul and Barnabas discovered in Acts14:8-18! For anyone to claim a “word of know ledge” or a “word of wisdom” constitutes an addition to the Word of God.This would be a big step backward, and all of our Bibles would be incomplete!We could not preach the Word authoritatively until someone came and expoundedunto us the way of God more accurately with a“sign” gift.

b. The biblical statement of 1 Cor. 13:8 clearly says that the gift of tongues should cease.The word cease is pauo, used in the future middle voice; that is,“it shall cease of itself.”

c. The historical record shows when the gift of Tongues ceased.

1).In 68 A.D. when Mark wrote about the Apostolic commission in Mark 16:15-20 he spoke of it in the past tense as already fulfilled.

2).In 65-68 A.D. the author of Hebrews considered the “sign” gifts as past (Heb. 2:3-4) by using the past tense of the word “confirmed.”

3).The last recorded miracles in the New Testament took place about 58 A.D. according to Acts 28:3-9. By 60 A.D. Paul wrote that Epaphroditus was “sick, nigh unto death” and Paul did not heal him by an     apostolic miraclePhil. 2:25-30.Around 64 A.D. one of Paul’s fellow-workers, Trophimus, was leftbehind uncured 2 Tim. 4:20.

4).The early Apostolic Fathers who immediately succeeded the apostles made no mention of thegift of tongues.

5).Clement of Rome (about 95 A.D.) wrote to the Corinthian Church where “tongues” was prevalentearlier, and discussed their spiritual problems,but did not mention “tongues.”

6).Justin Martyr (100-165 A.D.) traveled throughout the Roman Empire. In his defense of Christianity he mentioned spiritual conceptsincluding understanding, counsel, strength, healing, foreknowledge, teaching and the fear ofGod, but never mentioned “tongues.”

7).Irenaeus (140-203 A.D.) said he had “heard manybrethren in the church having prophetic gifts andspeaking through the Spirit in alltongues and bringing to light men’s secrets for the common good and explaining mysteries of God.” He also spoke of people raising the dead.However, henever claims to have witnessed a resurrection and never produced the name of one who was raised, nor ever names any whospoke in tongues.His statements have been interpreted to refer back to the Apostles of whom he heard exercising these gifts.

8).Origen (185-253 A.D.) in his argument against Celsus, said that the signs of the apostolic age had been temporary, “for no prophets bearing any resemblance to the ancient prophets have appeared in the time of Celsus.”

9).Chrysostom (345-407 A.D.) Commenting on 1 Cor. 12-14, “This whole place is very obscure: but the obscurity is produced by our ignorance of the facts referred to and by their cessation, beingsuch as used to occur but now no longer take place.”

10). Augustine (354-430 A.D.) “In the earliest times....they spokewith tongues....These were signs adapted to the time....Thatthing was done for a betokening and it passed away.”

d. Conclusion:If these “sign” gifts were important to all the Church throughout the age, then it is inconceivable that after the Apostolic Age there would be little or no evidence of their existence in the writings of these great men of God.Even after Augustine there were only a few hereticalgroups which claimed to have the “sign” gifts.